projekt kivitendo

File::Slurp.pm version 0.04

===========================

This module provides subroutines to read or write entire files with a

simple call.  It also has a subroutine for reading the list of filenames

in a directory.

In the extras/ directory you can read an article (slurp_article.pod)

about file slurping and also run a benchmark (slurp_bench.pl) that

compares many ways of slurping/spewing files.

This module was first written and owned by David Muir Sharnoff (MUIR on

CPAN).  I checked out his module and decided to write a new version

which would be faster, and with many more features.  To that end, David

graciously transfered the namespace to me.

Since then, I discovered and fixed a bug in the original module's test

script (which had only 7 tests), which is included now as t/original.t.

This module now has 164 tests in 7 test scripts, and passes on Windows,

Linux, Solaris and Mac OS X.

There have been some comments about the somewhat unusual version number.

The problem was that David used a future date (2004.0904) in his version

number, and the only way I could get CPAN to index my new module was to

make it have a version number higher than the old one, so I chose the

9999 prefix and appended the real revision number to it.

INSTALLATION

To install this module type the following:

   perl Makefile.PL

   make

   make test

   make install

COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE

Copyright (C) 2003 Uri Guttman <uri@stemsystems.com>

Licensed the same as Perl.

package File::Slurp;

use strict;

use Carp ;

use POSIX qw( :fcntl_h ) ;

use Fcntl qw( :DEFAULT ) ;

use Symbol ;

my $is_win32 = $^O =~ /win32/i ;

# Install subs for various constants that aren't set in older perls

# (< 5.005).  Fcntl on old perls uses Exporter to define subs without a

# () prototype These can't be overridden with the constant pragma or

# we get a prototype mismatch.  Hence this less than aesthetically

# appealing BEGIN block:

BEGIN {

	unless( eval { defined SEEK_SET() } ) {

		*SEEK_SET = sub { 0 };

		*SEEK_CUR = sub { 1 };

		*SEEK_END = sub { 2 };

	}

	unless( eval { defined O_BINARY() } ) {

		*O_BINARY = sub { 0 };

		*O_RDONLY = sub { 0 };

		*O_WRONLY = sub { 1 };

	}

	unless ( eval { defined O_APPEND() } ) {

		if ( $^O =~ /olaris/ ) {

			*O_APPEND = sub { 8 };

			*O_CREAT = sub { 256 };

			*O_EXCL = sub { 1024 };

		}

		elsif ( $^O =~ /inux/ ) {

			*O_APPEND = sub { 1024 };

			*O_CREAT = sub { 64 };

			*O_EXCL = sub { 128 };

		}

		elsif ( $^O =~ /BSD/i ) {

			*O_APPEND = sub { 8 };

			*O_CREAT = sub { 512 };

			*O_EXCL = sub { 2048 };

		}

	}

}

# print "OS [$^O]\n" ;

# print "O_BINARY = ", O_BINARY(), "\n" ;

# print "O_RDONLY = ", O_RDONLY(), "\n" ;

# print "O_WRONLY = ", O_WRONLY(), "\n" ;

# print "O_APPEND = ", O_APPEND(), "\n" ;

# print "O_CREAT   ", O_CREAT(), "\n" ;

# print "O_EXCL   ", O_EXCL(), "\n" ;

use base 'Exporter' ;

use vars qw( %EXPORT_TAGS @EXPORT_OK $VERSION @EXPORT ) ;

%EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => [

	qw( read_file write_file overwrite_file append_file read_dir ) ] ) ;

@EXPORT = ( @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{'all'} } );

@EXPORT_OK = qw( slurp ) ;

$VERSION = '9999.13';

*slurp = \&read_file ;

sub read_file {

	my( $file_name, %args ) = @_ ;

# set the buffer to either the passed in one or ours and init it to the null

# string

	my $buf ;

	my $buf_ref = $args{'buf_ref'} || \$buf ;

	${$buf_ref} = '' ;

	my( $read_fh, $size_left, $blk_size ) ;

# check if we are reading from a handle (glob ref or IO:: object)

	if ( ref $file_name ) {

# slurping a handle so use it and don't open anything.

# set the block size so we know it is a handle and read that amount

		$read_fh = $file_name ;

		$blk_size = $args{'blk_size'} || 1024 * 1024 ;

		$size_left = $blk_size ;

# DEEP DARK MAGIC. this checks the UNTAINT IO flag of a

# glob/handle. only the DATA handle is untainted (since it is from

# trusted data in the source file). this allows us to test if this is

# the DATA handle and then to do a sysseek to make sure it gets

# slurped correctly. on some systems, the buffered i/o pointer is not

# left at the same place as the fd pointer. this sysseek makes them

# the same so slurping with sysread will work.

		eval{ require B } ;

		if ( $@ ) {

			@_ = ( \%args, <<ERR ) ;

Can't find B.pm with this Perl: $!.

That module is needed to slurp the DATA handle.

ERR

			goto &_error ;

		}

		if ( B::svref_2object( $read_fh )->IO->IoFLAGS & 16 ) {

# set the seek position to the current tell.

			sysseek( $read_fh, tell( $read_fh ), SEEK_SET ) ||

				croak "sysseek $!" ;

		}

	}

	else {

# a regular file. set the sysopen mode

		my $mode = O_RDONLY ;

#printf "RD: BINARY %x MODE %x\n", O_BINARY, $mode ;

# open the file and handle any error

		$read_fh = gensym ;

		unless ( sysopen( $read_fh, $file_name, $mode ) ) {

			@_ = ( \%args, "read_file '$file_name' - sysopen: $!");

			goto &_error ;

		}

		binmode($read_fh, $args{'binmode'}) if $args{'binmode'};

# get the size of the file for use in the read loop

		$size_left = -s $read_fh ;

		unless( $size_left ) {

			$blk_size = $args{'blk_size'} || 1024 * 1024 ;

			$size_left = $blk_size ;

		}

	}

# infinite read loop. we exit when we are done slurping

	while( 1 ) {

# do the read and see how much we got

		my $read_cnt = sysread( $read_fh, ${$buf_ref},

				$size_left, length ${$buf_ref} ) ;

		if ( defined $read_cnt ) {

# good read. see if we hit EOF (nothing left to read)

			last if $read_cnt == 0 ;

# loop if we are slurping a handle. we don't track $size_left then.

			next if $blk_size ;

# count down how much we read and loop if we have more to read.

			$size_left -= $read_cnt ;

			last if $size_left <= 0 ;

			next ;

		}

# handle the read error

		@_ = ( \%args, "read_file '$file_name' - sysread: $!");

		goto &_error ;

	}

# fix up cr/lf to be a newline if this is a windows text file

	${$buf_ref} =~ s/\015\012/\n/g if $is_win32 && !$args{'binmode'} ;

# this is the 5 returns in a row. each handles one possible

# combination of caller context and requested return type

	my $sep = $/ ;

	$sep = '\n\n+' if defined $sep && $sep eq '' ;

# caller wants to get an array ref of lines

# this split doesn't work since it tries to use variable length lookbehind

# the m// line works.

#	return [ split( m|(?<=$sep)|, ${$buf_ref} ) ] if $args{'array_ref'}  ;

	return [ length(${$buf_ref}) ? ${$buf_ref} =~ /(.*?$sep|.+)/sg : () ]

		if $args{'array_ref'}  ;

# caller wants a list of lines (normal list context)

# same problem with this split as before.

#	return split( m|(?<=$sep)|, ${$buf_ref} ) if wantarray ;

	return length(${$buf_ref}) ? ${$buf_ref} =~ /(.*?$sep|.+)/sg : ()

		if wantarray ;

# caller wants a scalar ref to the slurped text

	return $buf_ref if $args{'scalar_ref'} ;

# caller wants a scalar with the slurped text (normal scalar context)

	return ${$buf_ref} if defined wantarray ;

# caller passed in an i/o buffer by reference (normal void context)

	return ;

}

sub write_file {

	my $file_name = shift ;

# get the optional argument hash ref from @_ or an empty hash ref.

	my $args = ( ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ) ? shift : {} ;

	my( $buf_ref, $write_fh, $no_truncate, $orig_file_name, $data_is_ref ) ;

# get the buffer ref - it depends on how the data is passed into write_file

# after this if/else $buf_ref will have a scalar ref to the data.

	if ( ref $args->{'buf_ref'} eq 'SCALAR' ) {

# a scalar ref passed in %args has the data

# note that the data was passed by ref

		$buf_ref = $args->{'buf_ref'} ;

		$data_is_ref = 1 ;

	}

	elsif ( ref $_[0] eq 'SCALAR' ) {

# the first value in @_ is the scalar ref to the data

# note that the data was passed by ref

		$buf_ref = shift ;

		$data_is_ref = 1 ;

	}

	elsif ( ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ) {

# the first value in @_ is the array ref to the data so join it.

		${$buf_ref} = join '', @{$_[0]} ;

	}

	else {

# good old @_ has all the data so join it.

		${$buf_ref} = join '', @_ ;

	}

# see if we were passed a open handle to spew to.

	if ( ref $file_name ) {

# we have a handle. make sure we don't call truncate on it.

		$write_fh = $file_name ;

		$no_truncate = 1 ;

	}

	else {

# spew to regular file.

		if ( $args->{'atomic'} ) {

# in atomic mode, we spew to a temp file so make one and save the original

# file name.

			$orig_file_name = $file_name ;

			$file_name .= ".$$" ;

		}

# set the mode for the sysopen

		my $mode = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT ;

		$mode |= O_APPEND if $args->{'append'} ;

		$mode |= O_EXCL if $args->{'no_clobber'} ;

#printf "WR: BINARY %x MODE %x\n", O_BINARY, $mode ;

# open the file and handle any error.

		$write_fh = gensym ;

		unless ( sysopen( $write_fh, $file_name, $mode ) ) {

			@_ = ( $args, "write_file '$file_name' - sysopen: $!");

			goto &_error ;

		}

		binmode($write_fh, $args->{'binmode'}) if $args->{'binmode'};

	}

	sysseek( $write_fh, 0, SEEK_END ) if $args->{'append'} ;

#print 'WR before data ', unpack( 'H*', ${$buf_ref}), "\n" ;

# fix up newline to write cr/lf if this is a windows text file

	if ( $is_win32 && !$args->{'binmode'} ) {

# copy the write data if it was passed by ref so we don't clobber the

# caller's data

		$buf_ref = \do{ my $copy = ${$buf_ref}; } if $data_is_ref ;

		${$buf_ref} =~ s/\n/\015\012/g ;

	}

#print 'after data ', unpack( 'H*', ${$buf_ref}), "\n" ;

# get the size of how much we are writing and init the offset into that buffer

	my $size_left = length( ${$buf_ref} ) ;

	my $offset = 0 ;

# loop until we have no more data left to write

	do {

# do the write and track how much we just wrote

		my $write_cnt = syswrite( $write_fh, ${$buf_ref},

				$size_left, $offset ) ;

		unless ( defined $write_cnt ) {

# the write failed

			@_ = ( $args, "write_file '$file_name' - syswrite: $!");

			goto &_error ;

		}

# track much left to write and where to write from in the buffer

		$size_left -= $write_cnt ;

		$offset += $write_cnt ;

	} while( $size_left > 0 ) ;

# we truncate regular files in case we overwrite a long file with a shorter file

# so seek to the current position to get it (same as tell()).

	truncate( $write_fh,

		  sysseek( $write_fh, 0, SEEK_CUR ) ) unless $no_truncate ;

	close( $write_fh ) ;

# handle the atomic mode - move the temp file to the original filename.

	rename( $file_name, $orig_file_name ) if $args->{'atomic'} ;

	return 1 ;

}

# this is for backwards compatibility with the previous File::Slurp module. 

# write_file always overwrites an existing file

*overwrite_file = \&write_file ;

# the current write_file has an append mode so we use that. this

# supports the same API with an optional second argument which is a

# hash ref of options.

sub append_file {

# get the optional args hash ref

	my $args = $_[1] ;

	if ( ref $args eq 'HASH' ) {

# we were passed an args ref so just mark the append mode

		$args->{append} = 1 ;

	}

	else {

# no args hash so insert one with the append mode

		splice( @_, 1, 0, { append => 1 } ) ;

	}

# magic goto the main write_file sub. this overlays the sub without touching

# the stack or @_

	goto &write_file

}

# basic wrapper around opendir/readdir

sub read_dir {

	my ($dir, %args ) = @_;

# this handle will be destroyed upon return

	local(*DIRH);

# open the dir and handle any errors

	unless ( opendir( DIRH, $dir ) ) {

		@_ = ( \%args, "read_dir '$dir' - opendir: $!" ) ;

		goto &_error ;

	}

	my @dir_entries = readdir(DIRH) ;

	@dir_entries = grep( $_ ne "." && $_ ne "..", @dir_entries )

		unless $args{'keep_dot_dot'} ;

	return @dir_entries if wantarray ;

	return \@dir_entries ;

}

# error handling section

#

# all the error handling uses magic goto so the caller will get the

# error message as if from their code and not this module. if we just

# did a call on the error code, the carp/croak would report it from

# this module since the error sub is one level down on the call stack

# from read_file/write_file/read_dir.

my %err_func = (

	'carp'	=> \&carp,

	'croak'	=> \&croak,

) ;

sub _error {

	my( $args, $err_msg ) = @_ ;

# get the error function to use

 	my $func = $err_func{ $args->{'err_mode'} || 'croak' } ;

# if we didn't find it in our error function hash, they must have set

# it to quiet and we don't do anything.

	return unless $func ;

# call the carp/croak function

	$func->($err_msg) ;

# return a hard undef (in list context this will be a single value of

# undef which is not a legal in-band value)

	return undef ;

}

1;

__END__

=head1 NAME

File::Slurp - Efficient Reading/Writing of Complete Files

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  use File::Slurp;

  my $text = read_file( 'filename' ) ;

  my @lines = read_file( 'filename' ) ;

  write_file( 'filename', @lines ) ;

  use File::Slurp qw( slurp ) ;

  my $text = slurp( 'filename' ) ;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module provides subs that allow you to read or write entire files

with one simple call. They are designed to be simple to use, have

flexible ways to pass in or get the file contents and to be very

efficient.  There is also a sub to read in all the files in a

directory other than C<.> and C<..>

These slurp/spew subs work for files, pipes and

sockets, and stdio, pseudo-files, and DATA.

=head2 B<read_file>

This sub reads in an entire file and returns its contents to the

caller. In list context it will return a list of lines (using the

current value of $/ as the separator including support for paragraph

mode when it is set to ''). In scalar context it returns the entire

file as a single scalar.

  my $text = read_file( 'filename' ) ;

  my @lines = read_file( 'filename' ) ;

The first argument to C<read_file> is the filename and the rest of the

arguments are key/value pairs which are optional and which modify the

behavior of the call. Other than binmode the options all control how

the slurped file is returned to the caller.

If the first argument is a file handle reference or I/O object (if ref

is true), then that handle is slurped in. This mode is supported so

you slurp handles such as C<DATA>, C<STDIN>. See the test handle.t

for an example that does C<open( '-|' )> and child process spews data

to the parant which slurps it in.  All of the options that control how

the data is returned to the caller still work in this case.

NOTE: as of version 9999.06, read_file works correctly on the C<DATA>

handle. It used to need a sysseek workaround but that is now handled

when needed by the module itself.

You can optionally request that C<slurp()> is exported to your code. This

is an alias for read_file and is meant to be forward compatible with

Perl 6 (which will have slurp() built-in).

The options are:

=head3 binmode

If you set the binmode option, then the file will be slurped in binary

mode.

	my $bin_data = read_file( $bin_file, binmode => ':raw' ) ;

	# Or

	my $bin_data = read_file( $bin_file, binmode => ':utf8' ) ;

=head3 array_ref

If this boolean option is set, the return value (only in scalar

context) will be an array reference which contains the lines of the

slurped file. The following two calls are equivalent:

	my $lines_ref = read_file( $bin_file, array_ref => 1 ) ;

	my $lines_ref = [ read_file( $bin_file ) ] ;

=head3 scalar_ref

If this boolean option is set, the return value (only in scalar

context) will be an scalar reference to a string which is the contents

of the slurped file. This will usually be faster than returning the

plain scalar.

	my $text_ref = read_file( $bin_file, scalar_ref => 1 ) ;

=head3 buf_ref

You can use this option to pass in a scalar reference and the slurped

file contents will be stored in the scalar. This can be used in

conjunction with any of the other options.

	my $text_ref = read_file( $bin_file, buf_ref => \$buffer,

					     array_ref => 1 ) ;

	my @lines = read_file( $bin_file, buf_ref => \$buffer ) ;

=head3 blk_size

You can use this option to set the block size used when slurping from an already open handle (like \*STDIN). It defaults to 1MB.

	my $text_ref = read_file( $bin_file, blk_size => 10_000_000,

					     array_ref => 1 ) ;

=head3 err_mode

You can use this option to control how read_file behaves when an error

occurs. This option defaults to 'croak'. You can set it to 'carp' or

to 'quiet to have no error handling. This code wants to carp and then

read abother file if it fails.

	my $text_ref = read_file( $file, err_mode => 'carp' ) ;

	unless ( $text_ref ) {

		# read a different file but croak if not found

		$text_ref = read_file( $another_file ) ;

	}

	# process ${$text_ref}

=head2 B<write_file>

This sub writes out an entire file in one call.

  write_file( 'filename', @data ) ;

The first argument to C<write_file> is the filename. The next argument

is an optional hash reference and it contains key/values that can

modify the behavior of C<write_file>. The rest of the argument list is

the data to be written to the file.

  write_file( 'filename', {append => 1 }, @data ) ;

  write_file( 'filename', {binmode => ':raw' }, $buffer ) ;

As a shortcut if the first data argument is a scalar or array

reference, it is used as the only data to be written to the file. Any

following arguments in @_ are ignored. This is a faster way to pass in

the output to be written to the file and is equivilent to the

C<buf_ref> option. These following pairs are equivilent but the pass

by reference call will be faster in most cases (especially with larger

files).

  write_file( 'filename', \$buffer ) ;

  write_file( 'filename', $buffer ) ;

  write_file( 'filename', \@lines ) ;

  write_file( 'filename', @lines ) ;

If the first argument is a file handle reference or I/O object (if ref

is true), then that handle is slurped in. This mode is supported so

you spew to handles such as \*STDOUT. See the test handle.t for an

example that does C<open( '-|' )> and child process spews data to the

parant which slurps it in.  All of the options that control how the

data is passes into C<write_file> still work in this case.

C<write_file> returns 1 upon successfully writing the file or undef if

it encountered an error.

The options are:

=head3 binmode

If you set the binmode option, then the file will be written in binary

mode.

	write_file( $bin_file, {binmode => ':raw'}, @data ) ;

	# Or

	write_file( $bin_file, {binmode => ':utf8'}, @data ) ;

=head3 buf_ref

You can use this option to pass in a scalar reference which has the

data to be written. If this is set then any data arguments (including

the scalar reference shortcut) in @_ will be ignored. These are

equivilent:

	write_file( $bin_file, { buf_ref => \$buffer } ) ;

	write_file( $bin_file, \$buffer ) ;

	write_file( $bin_file, $buffer ) ;

=head3 atomic

If you set this boolean option, the file will be written to in an

atomic fashion. A temporary file name is created by appending the pid

($$) to the file name argument and that file is spewed to. After the

file is closed it is renamed to the original file name (and rename is

an atomic operation on most OS's). If the program using this were to

crash in the middle of this, then the file with the pid suffix could

be left behind.

=head3 append

If you set this boolean option, the data will be written at the end of

the current file.

	write_file( $file, {append => 1}, @data ) ;

C<write_file> croaks if it cannot open the file. It returns true if it

succeeded in writing out the file and undef if there was an

error. (Yes, I know if it croaks it can't return anything but that is

for when I add the options to select the error handling mode).

=head3 no_clobber

If you set this boolean option, an existing file will not be overwritten.

	write_file( $file, {no_clobber => 1}, @data ) ;

=head3 err_mode

You can use this option to control how C<write_file> behaves when an

error occurs. This option defaults to 'croak'. You can set it to

'carp' or to 'quiet' to have no error handling other than the return

value. If the first call to C<write_file> fails it will carp and then

write to another file. If the second call to C<write_file> fails, it

will croak.

	unless ( write_file( $file, { err_mode => 'carp', \$data ) ;

		# write a different file but croak if not found

		write_file( $other_file, \$data ) ;

	}

=head2 overwrite_file

This sub is just a typeglob alias to write_file since write_file

always overwrites an existing file. This sub is supported for

backwards compatibility with the original version of this module. See

write_file for its API and behavior.

=head2 append_file

This sub will write its data to the end of the file. It is a wrapper

around write_file and it has the same API so see that for the full

documentation. These calls are equivilent:

	append_file( $file, @data ) ;

	write_file( $file, {append => 1}, @data ) ;

=head2 read_dir

This sub reads all the file names from directory and returns them to

the caller but C<.> and C<..> are removed by default.

	my @files = read_dir( '/path/to/dir' ) ;

It croaks if it cannot open the directory.

In a list context C<read_dir> returns a list of the entries in the

directory. In a scalar context it returns an array reference which has

the entries.

=head3 keep_dot_dot

If this boolean option is set, C<.> and C<..> are not removed from the

list of files.

	my @all_files = read_dir( '/path/to/dir', keep_dot_dot => 1 ) ;

=head2 EXPORT

  read_file write_file overwrite_file append_file read_dir

=head2 SEE ALSO

An article on file slurping in extras/slurp_article.pod. There is

also a benchmarking script in extras/slurp_bench.pl.

=head2 BUGS

If run under Perl 5.004, slurping from the DATA handle will fail as

that requires B.pm which didn't get into core until 5.005.

=head1 AUTHOR

Uri Guttman, E<lt>uri@stemsystems.comE<gt>

=cut